Square Peg  /  Science
The science

Simple on the surface. Deep underneath.

Square Peg's tools are deliberately easy to pick up. Underneath them is original research into how people and organisations actually change — and how the value they create can be measured and moved.

Two bodies of work

One idea, researched from two directions.

Everything Square Peg does rests on two original research programmes that meet at a single idea: fit. The first is a science of change — how individuals, teams and organisations read their world, get stuck, and revise. The second is a science of measurement — how the human conditions inside an organisation become the value it creates outside, and how that whole chain can be measured rather than guessed at. One tells you where the leverage is. The other tells you how to move it without forcing it.

The science of change

Adaptive Fit Theory

Why people don't act on what happens — they act on the story they tell about it.

A mechanism-based, multilevel theory of how we read and revise our world. Behaviour is mediated by an interpretation — a story — that stands between what happens and what we do. That story is built fast and largely unseen, is inseparable from emotion, and rests on assumptions we defend without noticing. Change happens through the balance between forcing the fit (bending reality to protect the model) and changing the fit (revising the model to meet reality). The same architecture runs, unchanged in shape, from a single person to a whole culture.

Underpins: The Lens, Culture · Emotion · Thinking Science Cards, and Leadership Odyssey.

The loop. Experience → story → action → effect, and the effect becomes the next experience. See the story, and you get a choice.
Force the fit vs change the fit. Piaget's assimilation and accommodation — the single axis that a dozen theories of change all turn out to be describing.
The operative story. Behaviour is driven not by the values we declare but by the assumptions we actually run — the say–do gap made visible.
Disequilibrium × safety. Real change needs enough challenge to move and enough safety not to defend. Neither alone is sufficient.
One structure, three levels. Culture is the collective, sedimented form of an individual's belief. A stuck team is a stuck person, scaled up.
The science of measurement

The Value-Creation Chain

Climate, culture, engagement, advocacy and performance are not a dashboard. They're a chain.

Organisations have never measured more of their people and understood them less — because they measure in fragments. This research assembles four decades of evidence into one connected, measurable system running from climate and culture, through engagement, across the employee–customer boundary, into realised performance. Measured as a chain rather than a set of gauges, it lets an organisation find where value is created and where it leaks — and fine-tune the few levers that actually move the outcome, instead of chasing every low score.

Underpins: the bespoke survey tools and the measure-then-solve engagement model.

Measure the chain, not the links. A disconnected engagement score is a thermometer; the joined chain is a map that routes a symptom to its cause.
Key-driver leverage. Not every low score matters. Find the few high-leverage, low-scoring drivers — and protect the high-leverage strengths.
The manager is the unit. People don't experience "the organisation" — they experience their manager and their site. That's where climate lives.
Built for the deskless. Re-engineered for a dispersed, field-based workforce — mobile-first, low-friction, and scrupulous about anonymity.
eNPS, used honestly. A communicable signal on a short leash — read as a trend, never a benchmark, always paired with the "why".
Honest by design

Research that argues against itself.

Most vendors show you only the evidence that sells. Our papers do the opposite: they give the critique of each idea the same weight as the support for it, because a framework that can't survive its own critique isn't worth building. We'll tell you what the science can't do — which is exactly why you can trust what it can.

Causation is reciprocal.

Success lifts engagement as surely as engagement lifts success. We claim predominant forward causation within a reciprocal system — not a one-way conveyor belt.

The effect sizes are modest.

Many links sit in the 0.2–0.5 range. A link need not explain most of the variance to be the most actionable variance you have.

The metrics are imperfect.

eNPS is psychometrically weak. So we use it for trend, never as a headline, and never let it carry weight it can't bear.

Don't maximise everything.

Over-investing in satisfaction can destroy value. The logic is leverage and balance — the shape that fits your strategy, not all-green.

The research

The papers underneath the practice.

The full body of work, in plain sight. Accessible summaries live on the Thinking page; the complete papers are available on request.

Research paper · the science of change

The Architecture of Adaptive Fit

A multilevel, integrative theory of how individuals, teams and organisations read and revise their world — the framework beneath "the science of fit." Integrates a dozen traditions, from Piaget to Kahneman to Schein, into one mechanism and derives testable propositions from it.

Neil McGregor · working manuscript · full paper on request
Research paper · the science of measurement

The Value-Creation Chain

How organisational climate, culture, engagement, employee and customer advocacy, and performance form a single measurable system — and why measuring the whole chain lets a business fine-tune the way it creates value. Built on four decades of evidence, illustrated for dispersed and field-based workforces.

A Square Peg research paper · full paper on request
Practice document · theory into instrument

The Measurement & Delivery Method

How the chain becomes a live measurement system — the mobile-first instrument, the confidentiality architecture, the key-driver and linkage analytics, and the delivery cycle that turns measurement into a measured improvement. The engine behind the bespoke survey tools.

A Square Peg practice document · companion to the whitepaper series
Series · seven whitepapers

The whitepaper series

Seven shorter, readable pieces that take the chain one link at a time — from climate, to engagement, to eNPS used honestly, to measuring a workforce that isn't at a desk. Written for the boardroom, not the journal.

Read the series on the Thinking page →
From science to solution

The depth is the point. So is the simplicity.

The research is why the tools work. The tools are how you never have to read it. See what the science becomes in practice.